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Kombucha is a fermented sweetened tea that has been around for centuries. It has a tangy and sweet flavor and can be double-fermented with fruit or juice to make a fizzy drink similar to soft drinks.
This ancient beverage has surged in popularity in recent years and is now available in many grocery stores and health food stores. Store-bought kombucha often costs $3-5 a bottle, so making it at home is a great way to save a lot of money.
If you’re a fan of this probiotic and enzyme-rich drink, try brewing it at home for just pennies a cup!
Health Benefits of Kombucha
Kombucha fans attribute a wide variety of benefits to kombucha and claim that it helps with everything from joint pain to cancer. These claims are largely unproven, as there are very few studies about kombucha, but we do know that it contains a variety of vitamins and beneficial acids.
In fact, it is considered a good source of antioxidants, B-vitamins, probiotics, and glucaric acid.
Downsides of Kombucha
Of course, like everything, there is a flip side! Here are some concerns when it comes to kombucha. They’re nothing alarming but good to be aware of especially when choosing a commercial brand.
Too Much Sugar?
Kombucha is brewed from sweetened tea and the recipe contains a cup of sugar per gallon of tea. Understandably, some people worry about the sugar content.
Not to worry…
During the fermentation process, the beneficial colony of bacteria consumes most of the sugar, so it has minimal effect on blood sugar. The sugar is simply the food for these beneficial bacteria and the beneficial acids, enzymes, and probiotics are a result of the fermentation.
Caffeine and Alcohol?
If caffeine is a concern, kombucha can be made with caffeinated or decaf tea, and even with green tea or herbal teas. To protect the culture, it is good to use at least 20% regular black tea though.
Kombucha can contain very small amounts of alcohol, typically around 0.5% or less, which is similar to an over-ripe banana. Some store-bought brands contain more alcohol and are typically sold in a different section of the store and require ID for purchase.
Why Make Raw Kombucha at Home?
As I mentioned, it is significantly less expensive to make kombucha at home. Some store brands are also pasteurized, killing many of the probiotics and enzymes present in raw kombucha.
Here are some of the reasons you may want to consider making kombucha at home:
Great Soda Alternative
While the health claims about kombucha have not been confirmed by western medical research, there is no denying that it is a healthier and lower sugar drink than soda. It has natural carbonation and provides some B-vitamins and beneficial enzymes that aren’t present in soda as well.
Easy to Customize
My favorite part about making kombucha at home is how easy it is to customize and make different flavors. Add grape juice or apple juice for a slightly flavored version. Add some fresh or frozen strawberries for a super carbonated tangy taste. Or even add some raisins and a vanilla bean for a taste similar to a leading soda that starts with Dr. and ends with Pepper!
Save Money
Store-bought kombucha is expensive. Homemade is not. You can make an entire gallon at home for less than the cost of a single bottle in stores. Since you control the brew time and flavors, you’ll probably get a more flavorful and more nutrient-dense brew at home too!
Important Caution
The one potential problem with making kombucha at home is the possibility of a harmful bacteria or mold growing in the fermentation vessel. To avoid these problems, it is important to follow the correct procedures for brewing and to carefully sanitize all equipment before use. Also, starting with a high-quality culture (see the recipe for my recommendation) and plenty of strong starter liquid helps.
That said, I’ve personally made kombucha for over five years and have never had any problems with it!
How to Get a SCOBY
The kombucha is brewed with a SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Yeast and Bacteria) that “eats” the sugars in the sweetened tea and creates an acidic, vitamin and probiotic-rich beverage.
SCOBYs are living and thriving colonies of bacteria and unfortunately, you can’t just pick one up a high quality one at your grocery store. There are several ways to acquire a SCOBY.
- If you know anyone who already brews kombucha, ask them for an extra SCOBY and they will probably be glad to pass one on. The SCOBY has a “baby” every batch or two and this baby can then be used to brew more kombucha. Just make sure that they include at least one cup of strong starter liquid with each SCOBY. If you plan to continuous brew, you’ll want one cup for each gallon of liquid you will brew.
- You can order a SCOBY from an online source. Just make sure the source is reputable. Avoid dehydrated SCOBYs that require a long rehydration period and produce a weaker brew. I’ve seen SCOBYs on sites like eBay or Amazon, but prefer a trusted site like my friends and affiliate partners Hannah and Alex from Kombucha Kamp.
- Grow your own. This may or may not be successful and can be done using a pre-made bottle of kombucha that you can get from a health food store. (This takes several weeks and may not work, so I don’t personally recommend this option)
Courtesy of The Big Book of Kombucha, here is a handy chart for batch and container size:
How to Make Raw Kombucha: Batch Method
Once you have a SCOBY, the actual process of making kombucha is very easy!
Notes: Make sure all ingredients, materials, and your hands are clean. If you already ferment other things (kefir, sauerkraut, pickles, beer, etc.) in your kitchen, make sure all the jars are at least a few feet apart to prevent cross-contamination of the cultures.
Equipment & Ingredients Needed
- A gallon size glass jar (or other suitable brew vessel) – One gallon is the standard size but you can brew smaller or larger. Make sure it’s really clean! I like to rinse with white vinegar to make sure.
- Brewed sweetened tea (ratio: 1 cup of sugar per gallon of tea) – I love this tea blend that is specifically created for brewing kombucha, but regular black tea works too.
- A SCOBY – and 1 cup of liquid from a previous batch of kombucha for each gallon of sweetened tea
- Fermentation cover– like the ones here or a coffee filter or thin cloth and a rubber band
If you’ve mastered the regular batch method, you may also consider the continuous brew method, which can brew larger amounts much more quickly.
How to Make Continuous Brew Kombucha
For years I had been brewing with the batch system for making kombucha at home, and while I still really like that method, I’ve found that the continuous brew method is an easier alternative that removes a step. As the names suggest, the batch method is where kombucha is brewed in batches and re-started with each batch by using the SCOBY “baby” and some of the liquid from the previous batch.
The continuous brew kombucha method involves removing only some of the liquid each time and replacing with the same amount of fresh brewed sweetened tea. This yields a fresher brew (in my opinion), helps it brew faster (good when there are 6 people consuming it each day) and takes up less room on the counter. This article from the Weston A. Price foundation talks about the benefits of continuous brew:
Continuous Brew Benefits include:
- There is less risk of mold and other contamination since once it is established, the liquid maintains a far more acidic environment. This means it is more hostile to outside invaders because of smaller amounts of free sugar and a greater population of good bacteria and yeast.
- Less overall work to produce more overall volume as some can be removed and more tea added without reducing the pH as much. It can also brew much more quickly depending on the kombucha/new tea ratio.
- More consistent supply of kombucha (a few bottles every day or every few days rather than having a large batch all at once).
- A broader array of bacteria and other beneficial compounds in the final product.
How to Setup a Continuous Brew System
The main difference in the methods is that continuous brew uses a container with a spigot so some of the brewed kombucha can be removed without disturbing the rest of the brew. The most important thing you will need for this method is a continuous brew vessel.
Look for a vessel that can hold 1-5 gallons. It should be made of a safe material like glass, stoneware, porcelain, or wood.
It will also need to have a spigot near the bottom so that kombucha can be removed without disturbing the SCOBY or the rest of the brew. Make sure to test the spigot for leaks before using.
A continuous brew vessel should also have a breathable cover so air can escape. It should cover the entire top of the vessel and be sealed tightly so that insects can’t get in. Some vessels come with a cover, but a clean towel or coffee filter and a rubber band work well too.
There are a variety of high quality continuous brew vessels available here.
Continuous Brew Kombucha Instructions
Follow these easy printable instructions for continuous brew:
Continuous Brew Kombucha Recipe
Ingredients
- tea (this is my favorite blend for a delicious brew)
- sugar
- one kombucha SCOBY per gallon of sweet tea
- starter tea from a previous batch of kombucha
- filtered water ( preferably free of chlorine, chloramines, and fluoride)
Instructions
- Prepare the sweet tea. I use 2 tablespoons of loose tea, 2 family size tea bags, or 8-10 small bags per gallon of water. Add 1 cup of regular sugar per gallon. Do not use raw honey!
- Let tea cool to room temperature and make sure that it is really cool! This step is very important as too hot of tea can kill your SCOBY.
- Once the tea is completely cool, add the SCOBY and the correct amount of starter liquid.
- Cover the jar with the coffee filter or cloth and rubber band tightly (flies love this stuff!).
- Put the jar in a warm corner of the kitchen where it is at least a few feet away from any other fermenting products. Around 75-85°F is best. If your kitchen is cold, you may need a heating mat.
- Let sit to ferment for around 7-21 days, though the length of time may vary depending on your temperature and batch size. You can taste test the kombucha to see if it is done. It should taste tart, but still very slightly sweet also.
- At this point, kombucha is ready for a second ferment. If you aren’t doing the second ferment, just pour the kombucha into another jar or jars with airtight lids and seal until ready to drink.
- For continuous brew, we dispense in to several quart size mason jars with plastic storage caps (don't use metal!), leaving about 20% of the room on top.
Like this recipe? Check out my new cookbook, or get all my recipes (over 500!) in a personalized weekly meal planner here!
If you want a fizzy and flavored final product like the kind in stores, you’ll also want to do a second ferment:
How to Do a Second Ferment (How to Make Soda!)
Just as with water kefir, using fruit juice can make kombucha carbonated and slightly sweeter, which is often more appealing to kids. It is an easy second step too!
Get another very clean gallon sized jar or 5 quart sized glass jars (I prefer this).- Pour 1 quart of juice of your choice into the big jar or divide between smaller jars, filling each jar about 1/5 full.
- Pour the finished kombucha into the smaller jars until about 1 inch from the top. Make sure to leave about ½ cup brewed kombucha in the jar with the SCOBY.
- Once the kombucha is poured off, pour the SCOBY and remaining juice into a clean bowl.
- Repeat the steps above for the first fermentation to start another batch.
- Tightly cap the smaller jars with the fruit juice added and leave at room temperature for another 2-7 days until carbonated to your taste.
- Refrigerate before drinking or pour over ice.
- Enjoy!
Get another very clean gallon sized jar or 5 quart sized glass jars (I prefer this).My Favorite Flavor Add-ins:
- minced ginger root and blueberries
- ½ organic lemon (quartered) and ½ tsp grated ginger (tastes like Sprite)
- minced ginger root and citrus
- ¼ cup fresh or frozen berries
- mango
- prunes and vanilla (Dr. Pepper/cream soda type taste)
Ever brewed kombucha or other fermented drink? What’s your favorite? Share below!
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Hi Katie, I was told making kombucha is dangerous because if it is fermented in too warm a temperature, it can grow bad/dangerous bacteria as well. Now I’m worried about trying it. What do you think of this?
Is there an imperative temperature range for making kombucha?
Thanks!!!
From what I’ve read if you are fermenting inside, you don’t really have to worry about the bad bacteria, but you could call or email Cultures for Health to ask them. The woman who owns it, Julie, is super helpful!
Thanks for responding so quickly! I appreciate it 🙂 and for the resource suggestion!! Thanks. Im very excited to try this.
Jen
Hey! My husband and I have been on a journey to eat/drink healthier. We’ve done great with food, but I have still been drinking my sweet tea and Dr. Pepper. I want to stop, so I’ve been trying to find an actual recipe for DP kombucha. Do you have one?
When you referment with fruit juice the second time around, does the natursl sugar in the fruit juice ferment out too, or does it stay in (thus impacting the caloric or carbohydrate levels?)
It does ferment out too…
At what age would you give Komubcha to your kids? We don’t give our son juice but one week we bought some raw kombucha and let him drink a total of about a cup within a couple of days and then noticed a ring worm diaper rash (he is almost 2). I Instantly assumed this was from the juice. We eat a low carb diet. Is he just too young for it? Could there be something else and not the juice that caused the ring worm?
Ringworm is caused by a parasite, what did your pediatrician/dermatologist say?
FYI, in case anyone reads this, ringworm is not a worm but a different form of the same fungus that causes athlete’s foot and jock itch. 🙂
My daughter developed horrid yeast while being on probiotics. The doctor put her on a strong dose due to constipation problems. She goes back for more testing to have foods in her diet checked. The doctor suggested she had an extreme bacteria imbalance in her gut and the probiotic was causing her system to go into extreme detox. We cut the probiotics down for a while (just this 2 weeks ago) and will be gradually increasing. That has seemed to help with the rash. They did prescribe nystatin to help clear it up. I used it for two days, then just applied a bit of coconut oil after that. It has gone away so far.
May I recommend reading “Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAPS)” by Dr. Natasha Campbell McBride. There are many well-researched and well-supported treatments for bowel irregularity in children. She also explains specific steps and approaches that you can take to control die-off so that it is tolerable for the child.
My son was about 1.5 when I start giving him Kombucha.
I grew my own SCOBY (using the tutorial from Food Renegade) and made my first batch of kombucha as directed above (brewing for seven days). I sampled it and it was quite delicious. I followed your directions for a second fermentation using organic grape juice from the health food store for seven more days using smaller bottles. I actually used a little less juice than you suggested–2 oz. juice per 16 oz. bottle of kombucha. I sampled it this morning and it smells a lot like wine (and tastes a bit like a sparkling wine). Is this how it is supposed to be or did I do something incorrectly?
The second ferment shouldn’t be done for that long, you developed too much alcohol from the sweet juice. Try 2 days next time 🙂
I brew my tea along with slices of fresh Ginger (always keep ginger root in a zip-locked bag in your freezer, as it grates beautifully for recipes and will not rot).
Once brewed (or double brewed) the ginger flavor greatly enhances the pure deliciousness of the Kombucha!
I keep ginger root, sliced into 1/4 pieces, in a ziplock in the freezer to add to smoothies also. It keeps beautifully that way!
Is there any need to peel ginger root before using in Kombucha or smoothies?
Not if it is organic
I put ginger in a bottle with a coffee filter on top and now I notice a mucous you film on top that looks almost like the start of a scoby. Is it possible to develop a scoby with ginger in it?
Apparently second fermentation do grow scobies but not of the lasting kind. You can eat it or share with pets, chickens love it
Thank you for your wonderful post. I’ve been making kombucha for a few years now, and sometimes the mother doesn’t produce any babies. Can you tell me why this happens? I wonder if I am doing something wrong. I’ve been doing it the same way…
Is it getting a cloudy, white layer on top? If so, and the kombucha
is still fermenting well and tasting less sweet, it is likely that
the baby just hasn’t detached yet. Leaving it a little longer can sometimes help, or you may actually have to pull them apart.
I had the same problem then one time, I didn’t have the foresight to make/cool my tea in time to start my next ferment after bottling. I left my SCOBY (who never made a baby) to sit in my fermenting container with some leftover booch and VOILA a few days later I had a MASSIVE baby. I use it as my mother now since it’s the same shape as the jar, unlike the cut up piece I was using from a friend before. Hope it works for you too!
Do you use fruit juice from the store- organic, 100% juice, etc. or do you juice a bunch of grapes or apples yourself and use homemade juice?
You can use either one, but I usually just use store bough juice
I am thinking to make fresh juice, can you use any kind? I noticed you mentioned no citrus or pineapple? I recently bought a kombucha at the store that said it used lemon juice for the flavoring.
If its a pasteurized and strained juice, it won’t cause a problem, but most citrus and pineapple juice still has the pulp, and that creates a nasty stringy slime in the kombucha.
The first time I did a second fermentation I just added fresh pineapple and frozen blueberries and it was delicious! Fizzy and yummy after 3-4 days, I just strained it before drinking. 🙂
I just started the second ferment using juice from fresh fruit that I processed in my Breville juicer. It doesn’t get all the pulp out, but when I tried to strain out the pulp with a fine-meshed sieve, the juice wouldn’t flow. So I added it just the way it was. The pulp is so microscopic though and evenly distributed throughout the juice, I’m crossing my fingers that it turns out drinkable! The internet doesn’t really define the type of juice that should be used for kombucha, and that clear fruit juice is preferred. Next time, I’ll more seriously consider using whole pieces of fruit. Wish me luck 🙂
Good luck! Let us know how it goes!
The fresh juice I made with my Breville juicer worked really nicely, no mold and all my kombucha had a great flavor.
But I now mostly use slices and wedges of fresh fruit because it is much easier to prepare.
I have use organic volcanic blood orange unpasteurized juice in my water kefir and the result was amazing, really really tasty. Why not in the Kombucha ?
You can try it, some people don’t like the texture with citrus juice though…
Really interesting comment , Christie. Have never heard it before. So you’re saying the more vinegary it gets, the less alcohol, basically?
Have been making kombucha for years and as I’m a bit of a cheap date…. can’t tolerate too much alcohol,…..sometimrs I find the alcohol content makes me a bit tipsy.
Many of the lemon tasting ones are made with lemongrass. It could be added with something sweet for a second ferment.
Can a ginger bug be used for the second ferment?
you can just add some cut up ginger slices to the jar and add the finished Kombucha…let it sit out for a couple days to do the second ferment, and it will be a nice ginger flavor. You don’t really need the “bug” part, because the kombucha is already live, so you can just use fresh ginger.
I love ginger ale but haven’t been able to get a ginger bug going so I’ll have try adding ginger slices to my kombucha brew. I didn’t realize it but I think I’ve already been doing a second ferment. I ordered the grains from Kombucha Kamp. They arrived in great condition. Anyway after a few days I pour the liquid off into a glass jar. I add some frozen mixed berries and put it in the fridge. This second ferment is much tangier and tasty then the first batch.
I cut pieces of ginger and put them through the garlic press and I love it… It does put a small amount of pulp in it but not enough to notice.
They were great instructions. at which stage wld you add ginger to the recipe please!
I already make water kefir every 3 days (I have to keep my son constantly supplied – he’s hooked.) Is there any reason to do BOTH? Do they provide different benefits? I might try it just because I’m adventurous, but I wonder if I really need to if the water kefir is going over well.
Kombucha also has probiotics but is also very supportive to the liver and has a lot of enzymes
Is it okay to drink kombucha while nursing?
I’ve read some sources that say no, but most agree that as long as
you start with small amounts like 4-6 ounces when you are first
drinking it and work up slowly, it will not cause you to detox too
fast and won’t be harmful to the baby at all. I am currently nursing
and drink it now and did while I was pregnant also.
Hi! Just say the post and was wondering how could kombucha be harmful for the baby or even cause a ‘too rapid detox’?
By the way, very nice explanations about the how-to-brew, I’ve been looking for nice and neat step-by-step! Thanks!
This is exactly what I was looking for in the thread. Did you drink kombucha all throughout your pregnancy? Also would it be better to not ferment it for 30 days so there is less alcohol or is the alcohol content the same regardless of (say 15 days vs 30 days). Help…freaking out!
I would not drink too much Kombucha tea while nursing, or give it to babies, because, after all, it is black tea, full of lots of caffeine! I get shaky when I drink coffee, so I am pretty sensitive to caffeine, but Kombucha tea does not affect me that way. I hadn’t made Kombucha tea for years, but I started buying it at Health food stores for the past two years. I really liked the carbonated type taste with the fruit flavors, but didn’t know how very simple it was to make! wow, thank you so much for this recipe. I stopped making Kombucha when we moved, and missed having it. It really works wonders settling my stomach after a spicy or very filling meal, and helps my digestion. I drink some first thing in the morning with a probiotic, and it gets my day started with a great pick me up. It is wonderful.
I was concerned about the caffeine as well but after some research I have discovered that during the fermenting process the sugar AND caffeine are “eaten”. I have also read that you cannot use decaf tea to make kombucha because it will not ferment properly. I am very sensitive to caffeine and have not noticed a jolt from the kombucha. Happy brewing! Good luck!
I make it with decaffeinated green tea and it works just fine.
From my research on the topic, I found out that at the middle of the process the alcohol increases a lot, then with the same amount of time, it decreases because the culture will from this point on use the alcohol to produce the good acids, which is the whole point of drinking kombucha, the probiotics. On the down side, it can get more and more vinegary the longer it ferments. I’m making my first batch so I haven’t tried t yet. Looking for the least amount of alcohol possible. Be careful with the second ferment because when you add sugar or fruit juice alcohol starts being produced all over again. It’s better to flavor as you’re going to drink it.
Timely post! I have been buying kombucha from Harvest Health and wow! It’s expensive! When you figure the cost by 100 calories it is the most expensive smoothie ingredient in any of my smoothies!
I am working with someone else who is going to do a how to video/post on my blog so I will have to compare her methods with yours 🙂
Can’t wait to see it!
Hi, I’ve successfully grown my own scoby from some kombucha I bought at the store. It’s delicious!! We now have a continuous brew container all up and running. My question is how to pour the cooled tea in to the continuous brew container without “upsetting” the scoby? It’s pretty tricky because I don’t want to remove the scoby, and I don’t want to sink it.
Thank you
Eventually you may need to remove it… they just keep growing, and you might have to take it out and cut it up and share with friends 😉
When you add the store bought Kombucha does it have to be at room temperature or can it be cold?
I inadvertently added pasturized cranberry juice to my new batch of homemade kombucha; I also added about a tsp of lemon juice…..then I read where I was supposed to add this when I bottled it, did I just royally screw up a whole batch ( 1 gal.) of kombucha?!
I recently started brewing at home, and I used a SCOBY and starter tea that I purchased from a local shop that makes Kombucha. I’ve seen on some other sites that you should use filtered water, since tap water might have enough chlorine to upset/kill the SCOBY. Do you know if that’s totally true or not?
Also, I’m three days into brewing and my SCOBY has sank to the bottom, and I believe a new one is growing on top, but it is brownish/black and quite loose, as compared to the original SCOBY which is yellowy and thick. Is that bad?
Thanks!!
I have been brewing my first batch with a healthy mother Scoby. When I started the brew, it sunk to the bottom. I put it to the side for about 28 days and pulled it out for a check. There is a baby scoby growing but the mother is still on the bottom. Should I be concerned? What should I do?
This can be really normal and as long as a baby is growing, it is usually nothing to worry about 🙂 Just use the baby in the next batch and it will likely stay on the top.
I never worry about sinking or upsetting my scoby, I just pour the cooled to room temp tea over it and it rights itself after a day or so.
If it has no mold on it.. don’t worry about anything else 🙂 Sometimes they sink and come back up, sometimes they are vertical for a while but as long as the new scoby forming is healthy with no mold. It’s all good 🙂
This is my first batch of kombucha…… my scoby sank and has not floated back to top after 3 days, should I do anything about this. I grew the scoby myself and am very happy with it … it turned out really well.
Look forward to a reply ….. thanks. Jenny
When adding fresh tea to your CB do you just pour tea over the scoby ?
I take the scoby out, add fresh tea then re float the scoby on top.
by any chance are you the amanda who bathes in kombucha ?
I have a question, the recipe says you can use frozen berries, Do I pour the berries frozen into the brew? (This is to make the fizzy soda) or do I let them getto room temperature.
Here (under continuous brew system) you say ceramic is NOT good to use, “Material. Kombucha should be brewed in glass or porcelain. Ceramic, plastic, crystal, and metal are problematic and generally should not be used.” Then in the last paragraph of that same heading you say, “Really any glass or ceramic jar with a spigot works as long as the spigot isn’t metal though you can also replace the spigot with a plastic version to make any jar work.” Is ceramic good or bad?
Also, can sun-tea be used instead of regular brewing/steeping methods?
Did anyone ever answer this posted question?
You have to be very careful with what ceramic you use because lead can leach into your kombucha. This is because of the acidity of kombucha if I understand correctly.
Generally speaking, many ceramic materials are porous and/or contain chemical compounds that may be harmful to ingest, especially when edibles/drinkables are subjected to contact with said materials for an extended period of time. That being said…. porcelain is a non-porous ceramic material and is generally glazed with food safe materials. This is why you find many high quality dinnerware and bakeware items are made from this combination. Porcelain with a food-safe glaze would be a good container choice for any cultured or fermented product.
P.S. I think sun-tea might not meet the requirements of boiled tea method because the water hasn’t been sterilized. I might be wrong, but this would be my best guess.
What does too small for CB mean? Thanks
I look forward to seeing a video on how to make Kombucha
Don’t think you need one…
The instructions are very clear.
Geez Fiona. Chill
is it absolutely necessary to have a cloth cover? I got a glass thingy with a plastic spigot and it has a glass lid which isnt super tight (air should escape)/ No flies are an issue (yet) but weather is just warming up./