Is Circumcision Just A Medical Procedure?

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Wellness Mama » Blog » Health » Is Circumcision Just A Medical Procedure?

Disclaimer: This is a post on a very personal and controversial topic. I have gotten several questions about it lately and while I’ve been avoiding the topic due to its controversial nature, I feel compelled to address it as there is a lot of misinformation on both sides and the person most affected by the procedure can not speak for himself in many cases. This is an extremely emotional issue for me, as I’m sure it is for many parents. My purpose in the post is to explain my position (as I have received many emails asking), present the information I found while researching this decision for our own sons, and to facilitate a kind and charitable discussion. I do not intend to judge or offend and I apologize in advance if anything written here is hurtful to anyone. I am not a doctor or medical professional, only a parent who has seen the pain on both sides of this issue. If this is a topic that is not relevant to you or that you’d prefer not to read, feel free to browse my Start Here Page for an archive of health articles, natural living ideas, and recipes instead.

Circumcision: Yes or No?

This is a very personal, and often very polarizing issue. It is a topic that is not commonly discussed, and for this reason, many parents are given incorrect information if they ask well-meaning family and friends. As moms, we can discuss episiotomies, having a bowel movement while pushing a baby out, or the intricacies of breastfeeding with close friends or trusted relatives, but the topic of circumcision is often avoided or it makes us uneasy to talk about.

My hope is to offer information I found while making this decision in our own family and to facilitate discussion on the matter. I hope that this is not a decision that is ever made lightly, whatever the parents choose, and that facts and research are considered.

Medical Benefits and Risks:

Though routine infant circumcision is a cosmetic procedure, many parents feel they are doing it for medical reasons. Many doctors tell parents that it will make the child cleaner, offers lower risk of UTIs, reduces risk of penile cancer, etc. Many also say that it is not painful for the baby and that there is no need to leave the foreskin attached. (Interestingly, surgeries of all kinds including open heart surgery were often preformed on infants without anesthesia and just drugs to keep them still as recently as a few decades ago. It was believed they could not feel pain, which we now know to be false.)

Some recent news has suggested that circumcision can reduce the risk of HIV infection as well, though this is a statistically flawed argument as I will explain later.

The benefits as listed above are minor, so it seems important to consider the risks as well and to weigh if the potential benefit is enough to make this risk worth it. Many parents list cosmetic reasons as their purpose for circumcision: so that a baby will look the same as his father, not be made fun of in the locker room, etc.

The American Academy of Pediatrics evaluated this and for years, their policy was that circumcision should not be routinely recommended, stating:

“The AAP had formed a task force on circumcision that decided the procedure shouldn’t be routinely recommended. The task force based this policy on 40 years of studies of both circumcised and uncircumcised boys, and it concluded the following:

  • Problems with the penis, such as irritation, can occur with or without circumcision.
  • With proper care, there is no difference in hygiene.
  • There may or may not be differences in sexual sensation in adult men.
  • There is an increased risk for a UTI in uncircumcised males, especially babies under 1 year. However, the risk for a UTI is still less than 1 percent.
  • Newborn circumcision provides some protection from penile cancer, which only occurs in the foreskin. However, the risk of this cancer is very low in developed countries such as the United States.”

Additionally, as research now shows that infants do feel pain as intensely as adults (if not more so), and anesthesia is often not used or used incorrectly. This seems like a very painful experience to subject a child to without a clear medical need, especially just for cosmetic reasons. It can be performed at any point in a man’s life, so should a child want to be circumcised later in life, he can choose this and will be given anesthesia and pain medication which are not given to infants. He will not, however, have the option of getting his foreskin back…

How Is It Done?

Although there are several ways that a circumcision can be performed, the procedure involves forcibly pulling the foreskin back (retracting it) and then removing it from the head of the penis. While the foreskin will retract later in life naturally, doing it at this age is similar to pulling a nail from a nail bed. The foreskin is naturally a very sensitive area and has as many nerve endings as a female clitoris. As this article explains:

“The foreskin, which comprises up to 50% (sometimes more) of the mobile skin system of the penis. If unfolded and spread out flat, the average adult foreskin would measure about 15 square inches (the size of a 3 x 5-inch index card). This highly specialized tissue normally covers the glans and protects it from abrasion, drying, callusing (keratinization), and contaminants of all kinds. The effect of glans keratinization on human sexuality has never been studied.

The frenar band of soft ridges — the primary erogenous zone of the male body. Loss of this delicate belt of densely innervated, sexually responsive tissue reduces the fullness and intensity of sexual response.

The foreskin’s “gliding action“– the hallmark mechanical feature of the normal, natural, intact penis. This non-abrasive gliding of the penis in and out of itself within the vagina facilitates smooth, comfortable, pleasurable intercourse for both partners. Without this gliding action, the corona of the circumcised penis can function as a one-way valve, scraping vaginal lubricants out into the drying air and making artificial lubricants essential for pleasurable intercourse.

Thousands of coiled fine-touch mechanoreceptors called Meissner’s corpuscles, the most important sensory component of the foreskin, encapsulated Vater-Pacinian cells, Merkel’s cells, nociceptors, and branches of the dorsal nerve and perineal nerve. Altogether, between 10,000 and 20,000 specialized erotogenic nerve endings of several types, which can feel slight motion and stretch, subtle changes in temperature, and fine gradations in texture are lost.”

This website explains the procedure and shows videos of actual circumcision (graphic).

While I was told by family members and even registered nurses that the foreskin has no purpose, in researching it myself, I found that it actually serves several important purposes:

  • “Protection: Just as the eyelids protect the eyes, the foreskin protects the glans and keeps its surface soft, moist, and sensitive. It also maintains optimal warmth, pH balance, and cleanliness. The glans itself contains no sebaceous glands-glands that produce the sebum, or oil, that moisturizes our skin. The foreskin produces the sebum that maintains proper health of the surface of the glans.
  • Immunological Defense: The mucous membranes that line all body orifices are the body’s first line of immunological defense. Glands in the foreskin produce antibacterial and antiviral proteins such as lysozyme. Lysozyme is also found in tears and mother’s milk. Specialized epithelial Langerhans cells, an immune system component, abound in the foreskin’s outer surface.13 Plasma cells in the foreskin’s mucosal lining secrete immunoglobulins, antibodies that defend against infection.
  • Erogenous Sensitivity: The foreskin is as sensitive as the fingertips or the lips of the mouth. It contains a richer variety and greater concentration of specialized nerve receptors than any other part of the penis. These specialized nerve endings can discern motion, subtle changes in temperature, and fine gradations of texture.
  • Coverage During Erection: As it becomes erect, the penile shaft becomes thicker and longer. The double-layered foreskin provides the skin necessary to accommodate the expanded organ and to allow the penile skin to glide freely, smoothly, and pleasurably over the shaft and glans.
  • Self-Stimulating Sexual Functions: The foreskin’s double-layered sheath enables the penile shaft skin to glide back and forth over the penile shaft. The foreskin can normally be slipped all the way, or almost all the way, back to the base of the penis, and also slipped forward beyond the glans. This wide range of motion is the mechanism by which the penis and the orgasmic triggers in the foreskin, frenulum, and glans are stimulated.
  • Sexual Functions in Intercourse: One of the foreskin’s functions is to facilitate smooth, gentle movement between the mucosal surfaces of the two partners during intercourse. The foreskin enables the penis to slip in and out of the vagina nonabrasively inside its own slick sheath of self-lubricating, movable skin. The female is thus stimulated by moving pressure rather than by friction only, as when the male’s foreskin is missing.”

(source for above list of functions)

I felt that I needed to know and understand what this surgery does before I could choose it for my son, so I found videos of a routine circumcision  (like this one)  Here are some pictures that show, less graphically, the procedure of a plastibell circumcision.

History of Circumcision

Circumcision is often a cosmetic choice today, though there are certainly those who choose it for religious reasons as well. Before making this decision, it may be helpful for parents to understand the history of the procedure.

  • The first recorded history of circumcision I could find were references to primitive tribes that used both male and female circumcision as a rite of passage into adulthood thousands of years ago. Other rituals involved skin mutilation, walking on hot coals or other feats of strength and bravery. Many of these rituals often ended in death.
  • There is speculation that the ancient Egyptians practiced circumcision, although this theory is largely based on paintings found from this time period that seem do depict a circumcision, though these don’t show the context or explain the reason. Other interpretations are that these paintings show pubic hair being shaved. No circumcised mummies have been found.
  • About 600 BC the first five books of the Hebrew bible were compiled, including the command to Abraham to circumcise himself and his descendants. Circumcision is adopted in the Jewish faith as part of a covenant with God. Historical evidence suggests that this was a different practice than what is done today, involving a nick or “shedding of blood” or removal of a small part, but not all, of the foreskin, as this would have been a difficult and dangerous procedure at this time, especially for adults.
  • During this time, historians note that several cultures, most middle eastern, practiced circumcision.
  • Jesus was born and circumcised in accordance with Jewish teaching. (though again, historical evidence shows that this was probably a much different procedure)
  • In roughly 43 AD, the Council of Jerusalem, led by Apostles Peter, Paul, John, and James the Lesser decided that members of the newly formed Christian church were not bound by Jewish ritual or custom including dietary guidelines, restrictions against dining with Gentiles, and circumcision.
  • 570 AD- Mohammed born “already circumcised,” which supposedly led to the rule of circumcision among Muslims, who are the largest group of circumcised men today.
  • From this time to more modern time, there were many bans on circumcision in Christian nations, forced circumcision in other nations (often my Muslim conquerers) and reversals. You can see those details here.
  • 16th-17th centuries- Medical research started to explore the function of the foreskin,  finding that it provided lubrication and pleasure during sex.
  • 1716 AD- “Publication of Onania, or the heinous sin of self-pollution, and all its frightful consequences in both sexes in London, giving rise to the irrational phobia about masturbation which persisted throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. For the next 250 years doctors insist it is a scientifically proven medical fact that masturbation is physically and mentally harmful and must be stopped at any cost.” (source)
  • In the 1740s, medical science found ways to remove tissue that was affected by syphilis, and since this infection often occurred on the foreskin, one doctor advanced the idea that circumcised men were less prone to the disease.
  • 1758- “Publication of Onanism, or a treatise on the disorders produced by masturbation, by Swiss physician Simon-Andre Tissot, further spreading the theory of masturbatory disease throughout Europe.” (source)
  • 1850s- “James Copland, in Dictionary of practical medicine, popularizes the idea of circumcision as a means of discouraging masturbation among boys.”
  • 1860s- “Circumcision as means of curing or preventing masturbation in boys becomes widespread medical dogma in Britain. For the next 100 years (and in the USA 150 years) doctors insist it is a scientifically proven medical fact that the foreskin is harmful to the physical and moral health of males and must be surgically removed before they even become conscious that it was ever there.”
  • 1870- “In the USA Lewis A. Sayre applies theories of Lallemand and announces that circumcision cures “paralysis” (polio), epilepsy and masturbation, setting off the medical craze for “therapeutic” circumcision. Calls for universal circumcision of male infants.”
  • 1877- “John Harvey Kellogg MD (1852-1943, of Kellog cereal fame) publishes the first edition of Plain facts for old and young, in which he promotes circumcision as a cure for masturbation. He writes that the operation was to be performed “without administering an anesthetic, as the brief pain attending the operation will have a salutary effect upon the mind, especially if it be connected with the idea of punishment.””
  • 1882- “Norman H. Chapman, Professor of Nervous and Mental Disease at the University of Kansas City, writes: “It is always good surgery to correct this deformity [a long and contracted foreskin] … as a precautionary measure, even though no symptoms have as yet presented themselves”, thus ushering in routine or “preventive” circumcision. (Medical News (Philadelphia) Vol. 41, p. 317)”
  • 1885- Dr. Samuel Newman promotes routine circumcision of newborn boys, claiming the advantage that it could be done without anesthetic and he borrowed the idea of strapping the baby to a board from the Indians. This board, the circumstraint, is still used in many hospitals during circumcision.
  • 1880s- “The newly formed American Academy of Pediatrics supports Lewis Sayre’s call for routine neonatal circumcision. Determined to lower the nation’s infant mortality rate by reducing often-lethal diarrhoea, the AAP argues that the foreskin irritates the penis, which irritates the nervous system, which hampers digestion, which causes diarrhoea. Simultaneously, the AAP also condemns breast milk, claiming it is a leading cause of infant diarrhea. This is the nineteenth century version of the urinary tract infection scare (UTI), the only surviving justification for infant circumcision.” (source)
  • 1914- “Abraham Wolbarst, Jewish doctor in New York, urges universal male circumcision as a preventive of syphilis, cancer and masturbation. (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 62, 1914, pp. 92-7)”
  • 1941- “Alan Guttmacher writes (approvingly) that some US doctors circumcise routinely without even consulting parents, and that 75 per cent of boys born in urban hospitals are circumcised. (“Should the baby be circumcised?”, Parents Magazine, Vol. 16, pp. 26, 76-8)”
  • 1965- “W.K.C. Morgan publishes “The rape of the phallus”, the first criticism of circumcision’s murky psychology to appear in a US medical journal. Full text here.”
  • 1971- The American Academy of Pediatrics declares that they find “no valid medical reasons for routine infant circumcision.”
  • (during this time, the debate about the necessity of circumcision raged and it was first addressed by some in the US as a human rights issue. Read the full details here.)
  • 1996- Female Circumcision (genital mutilation) banned in the U.S.
  • 1997- Research released showing that circumcision can heighten pain and reaction to vaccines and other procedures. Evidence also found that circumcision does not reduce STD risk.
  • 1998- A baby dies from anesthesia in a procedure to reverse damage done during circumcision in a highly publicized case. Research also finds that statistically, it would take 195 circumcisions to prevent one UTI.
  • 1999- “The American Academy of Pediatrics issues new policy on routine male circumcision which states that the potential medical benefits of circumcision do not warrant performing it routinely, but that pediatricians may perform it at the parents’ behest for “cultural, religious, and ethnic” reasons, but that analgesia is essential. You can compare that policy with their policy on female genital mutilation.”
  • 2002- At Barcelona conference, World Health Organisation rejects circumcision as element of strategy in control of AIDS in Africa.
  • 2007- Information released that human baby foreskins are actually big business and used in cosmetic uses like the making of face cream. (good reason to make your own!)

The current rationales/rationalizations for infant circumcision developed after the operation was in wide practice. Some of them include: to make sons resemble their circumcised fathers; to conform anatomically with peers (note: circumcised boys now find themselves in the minority); to improve hygiene; to prevent tight/non-retractile foreskin (which is normal in childhood); as prophylaxis against urinary tract infection (UTI), sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and cancer of the penis, prostate, and cervix. If circumcision were a new procedure being proposed today for any of the above conditions, it would not be acceptable based on insufficient medical evidence and/or medical ethics (it is against medical ethics to perform unnecessary surgery).

Risks of routine circumcision include: infection (including infection with MRSA), lacerations, skin bridges, chordee, meatitis, meatal stenosis, urinary retention, glans necrosis, hemorrhage, meningitis, sepsis, gangrene, penile loss requiring sex re-assignment, pain, irritation, prolonged bleeding, nursing strike, loss of or diminished sexual function, accidental cutting of an artery during the procedure, erectile dysfunction later in life, and even death (every year more than 100 American boys die from circumcision complications).

[Note: all quotes from this timeline unless otherwise noted]

Statistics and Facts

While circumcision is considered a common procedure in some places, especially within the U.S., it is interesting to note that worldwide, this is not the case. In fact, “Worldwide, only about 20 out of every 1,000 male infants are circumcised—and 18 of those 20 are in the United States alone.”

While parents are often told that circumcision is common and their sons outcast in the locker room if they aren’t circumcised, even in the U.S., circumcision rates have fallen from 56% to 32% in the last 4 years alone, meaning that for current newborns, circumcised males will be in the minority.

Circumcision is often done to prevent risk of future problems like penile cancer, though each year, only about 300 men die from penile cancer, while 500+ die from complications related to circumcision. In the U.S. alone, “About 117 boys die each year as a result of their circumcision, most from infections or blood loss.”

While it is a cosmetic procedure, it medically alters the body and changes the sensitivity of the penis drastically. “Circumcision regularly removes a shocking 3/4 of the penis’ sensitivity through the removal of the ridged band, foreskin “lips,” and most often the entire frenulum.”

“As adults, men circumcised in infancy are almost 5 times more likely to be diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED).” (source)

“The complication rate for circumcision varies from 3 to 6 percent. The average male will have more health problems from being circumcised than from being left alone” (source)

“Circumcision has never been proven to be effective in either reducing or treating cervical cancer, penile cancer, urinary tract infections, or sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS.” In fact, the recent studies that suggest that circumcision may lower HIV rates are reporting circumcisions done on ADULT males in high risk areas with only a six month to a year follow up period. It seems logical that in this time, a man would still be partially recovering from this painful procedure and would not be as likely to engage in sexual activity or may be more careful about using “protection” which also both reduce the risk of AIDS. Additionally, as HIV/AIDS are not always diagnosed immediately, this doesn’t account for longer term rates.”

Circumcision is often done to “lower the risk of UTI” which is increased the most in the first year of a child’s life. Both circumcised and uncircumcised males have a lower rate of UTI than all females, though in most places, it would be considered barbaric to recommend female circumcision to reduce the risk of UTI.

“The foreskin contains over 240 feet of nerves and over 1,000 nerve endings, as well as being a highly vascularized structure.”

“Women have a foreskin as well, which covers and protects their clitoris. It is alternatively referred to as the clitoral foreskin, clitoral prepuce, or clitoral hood.”

“Complications are often overlooked or un(der)reported. They include: Lacerations, skin bridges, chordee, meatitis, meatal stenosis, urinary retention, glans necrosis, hemorrhage, meningitis, sepsis, gangrene, and penile loss requiring sex re-assignment. The literature abounds with reports of morbidity, and even death, from infant circumcision.”

“Ob/Gyn fees for circumcision range to $400, averaging $137 nationwide [U.S.] Circumcising 10 infants weekly for only 10 months of the year at $125 each (1987 U.S. rate), circumcisers earn at least an additional $50,000 annually. 74% of the Ob/Gyns surveyed perform circumcision. Ob/Gyns are generally not aware of preputial (foreskin) structure and function, or of the growing numbers of men undertaking foreskin restoration.”

“In the 1980s, retrospective studies by Wiswell et al. suggested that 98-99% of intact (non-circumcised) male infants will not develop UTI (compared with his finding of 99.9% in circumcised male infants). In 1989, the AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) cautioned that Wiswell’s studies comparing the two groups may be methodologically flawed, and that the percentage of intact male infants who will not develop UTI may be even higher. Research in the 90s has since confirmed that Wiswell’s studies are flawed, as the AAP cautioned, and that the incidence of UTIs in intact male infants is significantly lower than the 1-2% he reported.”

“Scandinavian society (virtually non-circumcised) has a lower rate of cervical cancer than the U.S (a majoritarily circumcised society).”

Religious Aspects:

Certainly, as circumcision was/is a part of Jewish belief and teaching, there is a religious aspect to some parent’s choice to circumcise or not. What I did find fascinating in my research was that the circumcision done in biblical times was likely very different from the one done today. As this writer explains:

Turns out modern circumcision is nothing like what happened in Biblical times. The two Hebrew words used to describe Old Testament circumcision are namal & muwl. Namal means “clipped,” like you might clip your fingernails. The word muwl means “to curtail, to blunt, to cut shorter.” There are totally different words used in Hebrew for “cut off” or “removed.”

The whole idea of circumcision as it was ordained by God at that time in history was that a little blood would be drawn as a symbol. It was a symbol of the sin of the world, which would eventually be repaid by the Messiah. God-ordained circumcision was in the same category as animal sacrifices (another symbolic tradition with blood that found its fulfillment in Jesus).”

From my understanding, even today, Jewish circumcisions are sometimes done in this way, by a specialized practitioner, at home, on the 8th day, and are in stark contrast from the circumcisions performed in hospitals on the first or second day after birth. Interestingly, there are modern, faithful Jewish people who do not believe that circumcision is necessary and there is even an organization called Jews Against Circumcision.

For Christians, the command to circumcise was lifted with Christ’s sacrifice. Some Christians go so far as to say that God forbids circumcision in the New Covenant. This is even addressed in the New Testament in several places:

~Rom. 3:29-30 “Is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles, also? Yes, of Gentiles also. Since the God who will justify those of the circumcision out of faith, and those of the uncircumcision through faith, is One.”

~1 Cor. 7:17 “As God has called each man, in this manner let him walk. And thus I command in all the churches. Was any man called in the circumcision [i.e. Old Covenant]? Let him not try to become uncircumcised. Has anyone been called in the uncircumcision [i.e. New Covenant]? Let him not be circumcised! Circumcision is nothing. And uncircumcision is nothing but the keeping of the commandments of God. Let each man remain in that condition in which he was called.”

~Gal. 5:6 “For in Christ Jesus, neither circumcision nor uncircumcision gives spiritual power, but faith working through love.”

~Gal. 5:11 “But if I still proclaim circumcision. . . then the stumbling block of the cross has been abolished.”

~Col. 2:8-14 “See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy and empty deception, according to the tradition of men…rather than according to Christ. For in Him all the fulness of Deity dwells in bodily form and in Him you have been made whole.. and in Him you were also circumcised, with a circumcision made without hands, in the removal of the body of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ, having been buried with Him in baptism, and raised up with Him through faith. And…in the uncircumcision of your flesh, He made you alive together with Him. . . having cancelled out the certificate of debt consisting of decrees against us which were hostile to us. And He has taken them out of the way, having nailed them to the cross.”

[Note: More biblical verses and explanation here]

There are also several Christian organizations that oppose circumcision including Catholics Against Circumcision, and parts of the NoHarmm organization.

My Personal Experience

Our two sons are not circumcised. While I am extremely grateful that we researched extensively and made this decision when we were pregnant with our first son, I have regret and guilt for not sending information to several pregnant friends who I later found out did circumcise their sons because they hadn’t researched both sides of the argument and then deeply regretted it.

Researching the actual circumcision procedure was the turning point for me in my decision not to circumcise. Prior to my pregnancy with our first child, I had never even considered the topic and knew incredibly little about it. I vaguely knew that such a procedure existed, but as a woman, it wasn’t something that had ever affected me.

Once I was pregnant, I started researching everything from delivery options to episiotomies, to Vitamin D testing, to gestational diabetes testing, to all of the medications used in childbirth. I tended to glaze over the topic in books because I figured it was a decision my husband would make, but something kept nagging me about it.

When I was working on my birth plan, this was something that was suggested to include, so I started researching it and I am forever grateful that I did. My husband researched the issue in depth as well, and thankfully, he came to the same conclusion, as I have seen this be a source of disagreement and pain for several couples. While my husband and I are in complete agreement on this issue, it is a source of disagreement (and sometimes pain) in our extended family.

For those who may have concerns of the care of an uncircumcised penis, less care is actually needed in the younger years than with a circumcised infant and nothing must be done to it other than basic bathing and hygiene. The skin will retract when they are older and they are the only ones who will ever need to retract this skin (injury can occur if it is done by others or too soon). In fact, many of the problems commonly associated with being uncircumcised are actually caused by forced retraction at an early age by someone other than the foreskin’s owner.

Neither of my sons has ever had a UTI or any other issues or complications from not being circumcised.

This post is written in hope that I won’t ever feel the same guilt that I feel with my friends for not presenting this information to any of you who are genuinely curious or researching. I also share this in hope that no one becomes one of these thousands of parents who live with this guilt because they didn’t have all the information. It is based on my own personal research and convictions.

I know several friends who deeply regret their decision to circumcise, and share their story in hopes of sparing other mothers this pain. For the record, I have tremendous respect for parents who have made the decision to circumcise, and after research regret their decision but still share their pain for the benefit of others.

I hope that I have conveyed my research and opinions on this in a non-judgmental way and I certainly would NEVER judge anyone for the decision to circumcise, especially since I have seen first hand how this procedure is marketed as a much more medically necessary and beneficial procedure than I found it to be in my research. I read the pain and heartache of many parents who regretted their decision in my own search for information, and I am so grateful to them for sharing their pain and sparing our family the same pain.

I implore parents to research this issue thoroughly, make sure they are familiar with the procedure (witness one in person if possible, or a video if not), the technique, the possible risks, and the form being signed before consenting to a circumcision if this is the decision they make. (More here on some of the actual problems with the consent forms for circumcision).

This article addresses many of the reasons often given for “medically necessary” circumcisions and I’d also encourage parents to thoroughly research any of these particular issues before consenting.

In the end, to me, the issue comes down to whether we (as parents) have the right to make a permanent medical decision (that some consider a human rights issue) for a child who is not even yet old enough to talk or verbalize pain when there is no clear medical need, and the issue of risk vs. benefit can certainly be hotly debated.

For us, the answer to this question was unequivocally that we do not have this right, and we chose to leave our sons as God created them (just as we did for our daughters). My plea is that all parents will give this issue a lot of through, consideration and research before making a decision, and not do it for strictly cosmetic reasons or because a doctor or family member suggests it.

My sons could, if they wish, choose this procedure at any point in their lives. Many ethicists suggest that parents only have the right to choose life saving procedures and surgeries for their children but that surgeries like circumcision that alter the body without medical need can be unethical.

Though I personally consider this a human rights issue that boys should have the right to make on their own, I also think the the slope of letting the government be involved in the process at all would be a very slippery one (though female circumcision is banned in the U.S., despite some people who have personal or religious reasons for doing so). I do know men who were circumcised who feel strongly that parents should not have the right to make this decision and who have anger over the decision that their parents made.

My purpose of this article is certainly not to judge anyone over a decision either way, and my purpose was to share information that shaped my decision in hopes that it might be helpful to others. While my heart aches for men who were never given the right to make this decision, I think that the answer is access to research and information, not government intervention or policy.

Resources:

Here is a list of resources I found helpful in my research on this topic. It is by no means an exhaustive or unbiased list, just ones I found worth the read:

Catholics Against Circumcision

Doctors Opposing Circumcision

DrMomma: Are You Fully Informed? (Huge list of resources and things to consider)

Mothering Circumcision Forum (Huge forum of parents who regret circumcision their sons and experience from actual people, not just statistics)

The National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC)

The National Organization to Halt the Abuse and Routine Mutilation of Males (NOHARMM)

Nurses for the Rights of the Child

The Case Against Circumcisions

Infant Pain, Adult Repercussions: How Infant Pain Changes Sensitivity In Adults

Dr. Momma: Cut Vs. Intact Outcome Statistics

Babies Do Feel Pain

Basic Care of the Intact Child

Is this an issue you have had to decide? What influenced your decision? [Let’s keep the comments kind and charitable. I am all for open debate, but any personal attacks or rude comments will be removed]

Katie Wells Avatar

About Katie Wells

Katie Wells, CTNC, MCHC, Founder of Wellness Mama and Co-founder of Wellnesse, has a background in research, journalism, and nutrition. As a mom of six, she turned to research and took health into her own hands to find answers to her health problems. WellnessMama.com is the culmination of her thousands of hours of research and all posts are medically reviewed and verified by the Wellness Mama research team. Katie is also the author of the bestselling books The Wellness Mama Cookbook and The Wellness Mama 5-Step Lifestyle Detox.

Comments

206 responses to “Is Circumcision Just A Medical Procedure?”

  1. Tina Avatar

    My 3 year old son is intact and we never even considered circumcising him. He never had any problems and we never retracted it for him – He takes care of it himself.

    My husband, who’s circumcised, suffers from Erectile Dysfynction. He wished he would have had a intact penis. He doesn’t even have enough skin left for it while it’s erect.

    From a womans point of view. Having sex with a circumcised man hurts, I never had to use lubricants in my life until I had intercourse with a circumcised man.

    Furthermore, circumcision is banned in Denmark and Sweden.

    Don’t be cruel – Leave the penis alone!

    Peace:)

  2. amy Avatar

    wow, this wasn’t a subject I even wondered about. My mind is completely changed after reading it. I hope my husband will feel the same, and read your article, when I bring it up. We are 10 weeks pregnant with our first. Kudos for such a thorough treatment of this subject. I am a technical writer by trade and it’s really important for me to look at everything about a topic before deciding, and this was EVERYTHING! You left no stone unturned and it was very gently written, thanks for that. I read through a lot of the comments too which were also really helpful. You are right… one of the men is very bitter about his circumcision and mentioned sexual sensation. I was prepared to circumcise my child for both “religious” and “medical” reasons, but I see how the procedure would have been VERY different and more as a gesture rather than hyper-invasive back in the ancient days when it was established. I kind of pride myself for questioning everything, and I really missed the boat here. Thank you for the courage to post about something difficult that most people accept at face value. It is pervasively accepted in our society; I think this will change as others are informed.

  3. Lubna Avatar

    I worked in a hospital in the UK (where circumcision is not done in hospitals unless medically necessary) and every day boys between the ages of 5-8 would come in to have circumcisions doneto correct problems with foreskin. I had my son circumcised at 10 days old and dont regret it.

    1. Steinn Andersen Avatar
      Steinn Andersen

      Rubbish! If you look at the statistics for Britain only 3,8 % were circumcised in 2000, mostly Jews and Muslims. That would have been more now as there are more muslim immigrants. Anyhow, the statement “every day” just have to be incorrect.
      1: Docs would have tried many other means before circumcision.
      2: Was the hospital in an area with a muslim majority.
      3: Were the docs muslim?

      Here in Norway circumcision is very rare among non Jews and muslims as the docs know how to treat a foreskin. I find your story not plausible. I’m sad for your son though, he is damaged for life.

    2. Wendy Avatar

      I don’t believe you for a minute. I’ve had way too many conversations with people I know for a fact actually DO work in hospitals in the U.K., as well as other non-RIC countries. Every one of these people are unequivocal about the fact that they’ve never heard of any boys or men having problems with their intact penises.

  4. Sarah Avatar

    This was very informative but heart breaking. It just seems obvious to me that the human body would evolve fine on its own without the need for such invasive surgery. I also felt very strongly about the subject my whole life, just hearing that its more hygienic seems definitely not good enough of a reason to me. Glad you wrote this article, and thank you.

  5. Nilda Avatar

    Usually I just go by without commenting. This has actually influenced me so much that I just cannot keep it to myself.
    I’m European. Circumcision isn’t a standard practice in Europe. It is actually very rare. Mostly practiced by Muslim immigrants and Jewish minority. Therefore when anyone brings it up here people don’t always understand the question. If you would ask even my MIL if she had her four sons circumcised she would give you a funny look and just say “Wablieft?”. A friend of mine who spent most of her life in US had a son 7 months ago. He’s not circumcised and haven’t had one health problem because of that. If you have a hospital birth and wish to have your son circumcised in Belgium you have to make special arrangements and even then it’s not possible to do it right at birth. When we were pregnant with our daughter, way before we knew her sex someone asked us in a joke if we are going to circumcise a baby if it’s a boy. We all had a good laugh. This is just to show how different traditions influence those earliest choices one makes for their babies.
    (On a side note, it could also be because of the province we live in. The hospitals are supporting natural birth here, the whole country is encouraging and supporting breastfeeding. Therefore standard medical practices aren’t such a standard here.)
    If there is no health benefit, would you like to start your little one’s life with an unnecessary dose of pain, shock and distrust in people being harmless? I know I wouldn’t. The procedure itself can be done later in life if there is such a need. To get back what is lost can be risky, even life threatening and in the end is just another medical procedure that could have been avoided.

    1. amy Avatar

      This is really helpful to hear your perspective outside the US. I live in the US and just yesterday had a prenatal appointment. I had checked off on the sheet a few weeks ago all the things I wanted more info about – anesthesia, circumcision, traveling while pregnant, etc. The nurse practitioner told me if we wanted the circumcision it would be done 10 days past birth. I mentioned this article, and while she would not say if she agreed or disagreed, she mentioned that most of the world’s men are uncircumcised. I could tell she hoped I would not do it. It left an impression on me. So much of our routine medical intervention has a bad side to it. Ultrasounds are another. I only recently found out they do not know the long-term effect of ultrasound effects (cavitation) on cell division, and I was really nervous to bring this up to my doctor and try to refuse all unnecessary ultrasounds. He said, “Amy, if you have the patience and fortitude to wait it out, I would say it’s definitely the best thing for your baby.” That shocked me! They never reveal any risk when you’re undergoing ultrasounds. Like all of our medical best practices, including circumcision, they wait for you to find out on your own and then agree with you that you should decline these things. It’s very surprising.

      1. Steinn Andersen Avatar
        Steinn Andersen

        That is correct, 70-75 % of the world’s males are intact. 🙂 More and more boys in the US are intact too as more and more parents educate themselves.

  6. Kari Avatar

    I am one of the mothers who deeply regret circumsizing my 2 sons. I wish so badly I could undo the decision I made. Both my sons (age 4 and 5 mos) had awful complications. My youngest had a horrifying reaction to the lidocaine swelling, blistering..thank god it healed! My first born had to have stitches to control bleeding. It still breaks my heart when I think about their pain. I work in the medical field and infact assist in circumcisions regularly, and therefore thought its “just what you do with boys” 🙁

  7. Candi Avatar

    I deeply regret having our son circumcised. It breaks my heart that it was done and I wish more than anything I could take it back. Though I did basic research, I just let the doctors kind of make the push for it because it was sort of expected that we would. Now whenever friends and family ask me what we did, I am always very honest that while we had our son circumcised, given the chance, I would never have done it and if we ever had any more boys, I’d never get it done to them. Thank you for sharing this and spreading the word on it.

  8. Jo Ma Avatar

    Thank you so much. This article is crucial and needs to be more publicized. I really appreciate the work you are doing -it is contributing to a better world. Thank you!

  9. Jeff Avatar

    Well done, but the facts about penile cancer are still wrong. The increased risk of penile cancer belongs entirely to the small percentage of men with phimosis. In last year’s AAP statement the AAP acknowledges that cut men are twice as likely to have invasive penile cancer once phimosis is treated. Today phimosis is easily treated and most of the time surgery is no longer needed. We need to stop saying that intact has a higher cancer risk -it is not true.

  10. Amber Avatar

    That’s odd. I’ve never had any kids, but of all three of my boyfriends, the one that wasn’t circumcised smelled all the time down there and had to shower twice a day because of it. It was a shame and a hassle. He also overcompensated with cologne everywhere, and that constant smell might also be why he didn’t get into sports and why he had self-esteem issues. You may say that that wasn’t why he smelled (which would be up for debate), but it certainly didn’t help. Also, I think abortion is a far more important topic to be concerned with, the hurt of infants, the pain that they might feel, than circumcision.

    There may be some guys that wish they had that flap (for reasons I don’t know), but what if they wish their parents had circumcised? They can go and get it, but I bet they’ll remember the pain now. If you do or don’t do it, you risk disappointing the kid. I won’t feel bad when I circumcise my son(s). It just makes sense to do so for me. I’ve never had problems thinking outside of the box either, but I think people in the health realm make this into a bigger issue than it should be. Also, as for the Bible being just a little nip, I don’t know if I’d agree with that since there is a story where a city was deceived and under siege on the third (if I remember correctly) day after all the men in the city were circumcised, and they couldn’t even fight. It doesn’t sound like just a little clipping.

    1. Sophy Avatar

      Amber sounds like that boyfriend had a chronic yeast problem. Women get that too. Hence the smell.

    2. Wendy Avatar

      Your ex’s problem was that he “washed twice a day” which, I’m sure, included scrubbing his penis with lots of soap.

      The glans is a mucus membrane, as is the vagina. As such, it has its own natural flora, and should NEVER be washed with soap. Doing so depletes said flora, leading to infections abd the “smell” to which you refer.

      ALL genitals, whether male or female, need only be RINSED with clean water. No soap. No scrubbing.

  11. Sarah Jones Avatar
    Sarah Jones

    I know this is an older post but I wanted to share what my son experienced and how it has affected him. He is not circumcised. My partner and I disagreed on this, and in the end I told him that if he thought it was worth the $400 we would have to come up with that I would consent so long as anesthesia was used. Thankfully times were tight and he couldn’t.

    Fast forward 9 months and my son ends up with a spot of blood in his diaper after having “nakey time” crawling around on the bed. Concerned because I know the risk of UTI is increased with an intact foreskin, we visited the pediatrician. They gave us the bag to put in the diaper to collect a urine specimen. It (of course) was not a clean catch so the specimen came back indicating infection. The doctor recommended catheterization and despite my gut feeling that it was unnecessary I let them. It was horrible to watch them pin down my 9 month old and force a tube into the most intensely sensitive part of him. The culture came back negative.

    During the exam the doctor noted that his foreskin retracted easily and that it was a little early, but not unheard of. I knew the instant he said that (which was after the procedure of course) that what had happened that day on the bed to cause the spot of blood in his diaper was the point his foreskin tore free.

    My son, who was easily diapered before, started crying at every diaper change and at nearly two years later he still has trouble. Once he could verbalize it (around 2 years old, and over a year after what happened) he told me “the doctor hurt my peepee.”

    For anyone who thinks babies don’t know, or don’t remember I can assure you they do. I was scared by the possibility that something was wrong with my baby (I was just barely recovering from post-partum pre-eclampsia that nearly cost my life) but I will never second guess my gut feeling again!

    1. Wellness Mama Avatar
      Wellness Mama

      Wow… my heart goes out to you! Thanks so much for sharing your story!

  12. Irene Tiger Avatar
    Irene Tiger

    Good for you Mama for not circumcising your boys! I don’t have any children (I’m a little young for that!) but if I do ever have any sons, I’m not circumcising them, and I come from a religion that practices circumcision.

  13. Allison Avatar

    My husband is one of those men who gets very angry at his parents for circumcising him. He frequently experiences pain after sex and sometimes gets dermatitis on the penis. Needless to say, any boys we have will not be subjected to it.

  14. Kirsten Cleigh Avatar
    Kirsten Cleigh

    I’m not a parent, but this was a very informative article, I learned alot. I think this is a very important topic and I wish more people would really think long and hard about this subject. My thought on it is that God doesn’t make mistakes. If He didn’t want men to have a foreskin, then He wouldn’t have made them with one.

  15. Monica Avatar

    First, I want to say I just found your website a few days ago. I am so glad I did! Thank you so very much for all of the helpful information you are getting out there. I have already ordered supplies to start making personal care items. I can’t wait to get started. On to my question…
    Both of my sons are uncircumcised. The first was a home birth and the second didn’t go as planned! We went to a homeopathic doctor for them up until my second was about 6 months. He always told us, as you said, not to retract the foreskin. We no longer live where there are any homeopathic doctors nearby.
    I took both my boys to a regular M.D. just a few weeks ago (one I have personally gone to before and been happy with) and she said we should pull the foreskin back at least during bathing. She did so while examining my younger, now 29 months, and he kept saying, “Hurt, Mommy, hurt!”, after the incident. He wasn’t crying, but he said the same thing after bath time. So, I’m thinking it’s not a good idea. My older, who is 4, was fine and didn’t complain of discomfort. He did it himself though. We’ve only done this once. Now, I’m worried and hope no harm was done!
    Through your research on the topic, you’ve found that it definitely shouldn’t be done until they initiate it on their own? That’s what I had thought of it, but I wasn’t sure when recently told otherwise. The current doctor said it could be too tight to pull back if you don’t start doing it now, which could cause future problems. Have you ever heard of that? Any input would be great!

    1. Wellness Mama Avatar
      Wellness Mama

      My sons are both uncircumcised and luckily, our doc is knowledgeable about uncircumcised boys. The foreskin should NEVER be pulled back by anyone but the boy himself. I have had to stop nurses and other doctors from trying to retract at times though… From my research, it is doctors who are mis-informed and force the foreskin back that often account for many of the complications attributed to being uncircumcised. This page has some great articles about intact care.

  16. zey Avatar

    It should never be done on a baby! Muslims have to do it culturally but educated parents do it when the child is about 9-10 with his consent and with painkiller. I know for a fact that it stops bonding mother and baby and subconsciously baby thinks the excruciating pain and the experience is his mother’s fault.

    1. Steinn Andersen Avatar
      Steinn Andersen

      A nine or then year old should not give his consent as he is not aware of the consequences. He most likely are not told the truth about what damage it does, and that it in the worst case might kill him.

  17. Manda Avatar

    I think that taking away the option of circumcision, as many want to do, is no good either. I had a hard time with the decision to have my son circumcised, but with our family history on both sides of men having problems later in life and then having to have it done as adults I considered it medically necessary to have done. I had to wait til he was about a month old for it and he did have local anesthesia and did not seem to care either way about what happened. Afterwards the dr said that his foreskin was so thick that he likely would have had the same problems as other men in the family and it was better to have done it now, so if I have any more sons I will want to have them circumcised also and want the option to be there.

    1. Wellness Mama Avatar
      Wellness Mama

      Thanks for an interesting perspective, I wonder though… would you feel the same way about wanting the option for female circumcision to be available for those who feel it is necessary (cleanliness or religious reasons?)

      1. Manda Avatar

        I have never researched female circumcision so I don’t know enough about it to know if there are any medical reasons for it. I do not think cleanliness is a good reason for male or female circumcisions, so if that is the reason behind it perhaps it should not be available. Religious reasons are probably a separate issue as it is not a dr performing the circumcision.
        Where I live it was hard to find a doctor willing to perform the circumcision, and when we found one we had to pay because it is considered cosmetic, but it should not be that way when something is medically necessary, male or female.

        1. Kristina Avatar
          Kristina

          Mandan- what AWESOME and enlightened area do you live in that it’s hard to find a doctor to perform a circumcision? We need to replicate rant across try country.

          Although you “feel” your sons circumcision was medically necessary, it was not. At least not based on a “possibility” of future problems. Thick foreskin? Cut it off! Thick eyelids? Cut “em off! Madness.

    2. Steinn Andersen Avatar
      Steinn Andersen

      A man needing a circumcision is very, very rare. In most cases this is because of improper care as an infant (for instance retractions and washing under the foreskin with soap). Most of the cases can also be cured without surgery at all, some can be treated with a slight cut. In rare occasions a circumcision is needed. American doctors are mostly ignorant regarding foreskins, and they don’t know how to treat them correctly. Have a look at this one:
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=82uAAJZ2nXA

  18. Lori Avatar

    Thank you so much for posting this and basically combining all the research in one place. I appreciate your blog so much!

  19. Christy Avatar

    Thank you for this very well thought out and informative post. It is important for parents to know all the facts before they make such an important decision for their child.

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